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50 States of Energy Affordability Report
Category: Report
Author(s): N.C. Clean Energy Technology Center (NCCETC)
Year: 2026
 This resource tracks state and utility actions intended to address rising electricity costs, covering areas such as bill assistance, large-load cost allocation, utility oversight, infrastructure planning, and business model reforms. It highlights policy approaches that may be replicable across states and provides supporting maps and downloadable data.
Impacts of Large Loads on Electricity Rates: A Primer
Category: Report
Author(s): Energy Systems Integration Group
Year: 2026
 This primer explains how new demand from data centers, advanced manufacturing, electric vehicle fleets, and other large customers can affect electricity rates for existing customers. It examines factors including available system capacity, infrastructure costs, market exposure, forecast uncertainty, and tariff or contract provisions designed to limit cost shifts and stranded investments.
The Energy Wallet: U.S. and State-Level Household Energy Expenditures, Past, Present, and Future
Category: Tool
Author(s): Electric Power Research Institute
Year: 2026
 EPRI's “Energy Wallet” tool and associated report captures total direct spending on home and transportation energy, including electricity, heating fuels, solar costs, gasoline, and public EV charging, to provide a broader measure of energy affordability beyond utility bills alone.
The Untapped Grid: How a Better Utilized Power System Can Improve Energy Affordability
Category: Report
Author(s): Brattle Group
Year: 2026
 The report explores how strategically adding new electricity demand while reducing peak demand through flexibility, efficiency, and new operational strategies can improve grid utilization, lower customer costs, and support economic growth.
Understanding and Addressing Energy Affordability in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief
Category: Report
Author(s): National Academy of Sciences
Year: 2026
 This brief summarizes findings from a February 2026 National Academies workshop, which convened experts from government, industry, academia, utilities, and consumer advocacy organizations to explore factors affecting energy affordability in the U.S. and strategies for improving energy affordability while maintaining reliability.
A targeted approach to energy burden reduction measures: Comparing the effects of energy storage, rooftop solar, weatherization, and energy efficiency upgrades 
Category: Report
Author(s): Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Year: 2024
 A study comparing the effects of various energy efficiency upgrades to tailor energy burden reduction programs, policies, and spending to maximize local benefit.
Distressed Cities and Persistent Poverty TA Eligibility
Category: Tool
Author(s): U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Year: 2024
 The Distressed Cities and Persistent Poverty Technical Assistance (DCTA) map identifies communities eligible to receive technical assistance through HUD's DCTA program. Eligible communities include units of general local government serving populations under 50,000 that are either economically distrressed or serve at least one census tract experiencing persistent poverty.
Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)
Category: Tool
Author(s): Center for Disease Control, Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry
Year: 2022
 The SVI is a place-based tool that can help users identify communities experiencing social vulnerability, which refers to demographic and socioeconomic factors (such as poverty, lack of access to transportation, and poor housing quality) that negatively affect how communities are impacted by natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and other hazards and community-level stressors.
Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool
Category: Tool
Author(s): U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Year: 2021
 A tool that communicates housing and energy characteristics at the census and county level.
Evaluating Energy Efficiency Potential in Low-Income Households: A Flexible and Granular Approach
Category: Report
Author(s): National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Year: 2019
 A study that presents an approach to evaluating energy efficiency potential with an accurate, granular, and flexible estimate of the cost-effective energy efficiency potential in households of various income ranges.
Grid Modernization: Metrics Analysis (GMLC1.1) – Affordability
Category: Report
Author(s): Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Year: 2019
 A study on the affordability of grid modernization efforts.
Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA): Community Assessment and Barriers Analysis
Category: Webpage
Author(s): U.S. Department of Energy
Options and examples of conducting a barrier analysis to identify gaps in available services and understand underlying conditions influencing clean energy programs for low-income households.
Issue Brief: Using Data to Set Priorities and Track Success of Low-Income Energy Programs
Category: Report
Author(s): U.S. Department of Energy
A brief outlining ways Clean Energy for Low Income Communities Accelerator (CELICA) partners measure program progress.