On October 21, 2025, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) in partnership with the Electric Power Research Institute completed its Zero by 40 Technoeconomic Assessment to inform the state's approach to introducing new technologies. The Assessment examines performance attributes, readiness for 2040, emissions, costs, and other considerations of seven technologies (hydrogen, biofuels, advanced nuclear, carbon capture and storage, next-generation geothermal, long-duration energy storage, and virtual power plants) to inform the state’s zero-emission electricity system by 2040 goal. Recommendations from the study included pursuing a diverse set of resources to minimize the risk of overreliance on individual technologies; starting deployment early to increase the likelihood of success of individual projects; investing in grid enhancing technologies early; investing in innovation to enhance resource viability; developing strategies across industries for unlocking key resources; engaging early with technology developers, end users, and other stakeholders; conducting grid modeling; and conducting a regular reassessment of options and remaining flexible.